Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin found on the surface of gram-negative bacteria. LPS can cause the body to enter septic shock and result in multi-system organ failure. Because of its severe effects, it is important that the immune cells react quickly to LPS. LPS is an antigen that can directly trigger antibody secretion once it comes in contact with a B cell. LPS is what kind of antigen?

Okay, everyone. Here we have our next practice problem. Lipopolysaccharide, also known as LPS, is an endotoxin found on the surface of gram negative bacteria. LPS can cause the body to enter septic shock and result in multisystem organ failure. Oh my gosh. Because of its severe effects, it is important that the immune cells react quickly to LPS. LPS is an antigen that can directly trigger antibody secretion once it comes in contact with a b cell. What kind of antigen is this? So LPS is an endotoxin. We briefly learned about it before. We will learn more about it later, but it is a lipopolysaccharide. And whenever we were talking about T independent and T dependent antigens, which type of antigen is commonly a pathogen associated polysaccharide? T independent antigens. The other reason I think that this is a t independent antigen is because it says LPS is an antigen that directly triggers antibody secretion when it comes in contact with a B cell. I haven't heard anything about a helper t cell in this entire problem, which tells me that the b cell doesn't require the helper t cell because it already knows how LPS is. So it just immediately gets on with its function. So what kind of antigen is LPS? It is a t independent antigen, meaning that the b cell does not require the t cells to activate once it binds with this antigen. It already knows that it needs to react and it triggers that activation of the b cell. And the other answers here are not correct. I'm not sure what a direct antigen is. I don't think it's anything. So I'm gonna ignore that one. We know it's not a t dependent antigen because they don't talk about a t cell. They tell us that this antigen can directly the trigger antibody secretion and we know it is a pathogen associated polysaccharide. All of those are characteristics of t independent antigens, so that's not correct. And then answer choice d says, b independent antigens, which tells me that it doesn't bind to b cells, but they obviously told us that it does. So that's not the answer either. LPS is an endotoxin made by many pathogenic bacteria and it is a t independent antigen, meaning that the moment it binds with a b cell, that b cell activates and starts to perform its immune functions. Okay, everyone. Let's move on to our next video.

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin found on the surface of ...

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