A minimal genetic code requires only 21 codons—one for each amino acid, and one for a stop signal. Given this, what advantage might be offered by having a code with 64 codons?

Verified step by step guidance

1. Consider the fact that there are 20 standard amino acids and one stop signal, which means a minimal genetic code could theoretically use just 21 codons.
2. Recognize that the genetic code actually consists of 64 codons, which is due to the four nucleotide bases (adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil) that can be arranged in triplets (4^3 = 64).
3. Understand that having multiple codons for the same amino acid (known as redundancy or degeneracy) can provide a buffer against mutations, as some changes in the DNA sequence may not alter the amino acid sequence of the protein.
4. Consider that this redundancy can also allow for more efficient and flexible protein synthesis, as certain codons may be translated more quickly or accurately depending on the cellular context.
5. Reflect on the evolutionary advantage of having a robust genetic code that can accommodate mutations and variations, potentially leading to greater adaptability and survival of organisms.