Number the following steps of protein synthesis in the order in which they occur, starting with 1 and ending with 9.


a._____The stop codon is reached, and the polypeptide is released.          
b. _____The small ribosomal subunit finds the start codon, and the large ribosomal subunit joins.          
c. _____The end of the gene is reached, and the pre-mRNA is released and then edited.          
d. _____The transcription factor binds the promoter.          
e. _____The protein is folded and modified to become functional.          
f. _____ RNA polymerase builds the mRNA transcript.          
g. _____mRNA and initiator tRNA bind the small ribosomal subunit.          
h. _____ New tRNAs are brought into the A site successively, and the peptide chain of the tRNA in the P site is joined to the amino acid of the tRNA in the A site.
i. ______mRNA exits the nucleus via a nuclear pore.

Verified step by step guidance

1. insert step 1: The transcription factor binds the promoter.
2. insert step 2: RNA polymerase builds the mRNA transcript.
3. insert step 3: The end of the gene is reached, and the pre-mRNA is released and then edited.
4. insert step 4: mRNA exits the nucleus via a nuclear pore.
5. insert step 5: mRNA and initiator tRNA bind the small ribosomal subunit.

Key Concepts

Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is the biological process through which cells generate proteins. It involves two main stages: transcription, where DNA is transcribed into mRNA, and translation, where mRNA is translated into a polypeptide chain. Understanding this process is crucial for sequencing the steps correctly, as it highlights the flow of genetic information from DNA to functional proteins.

Transcription

Transcription is the first step of protein synthesis, where the DNA sequence of a gene is copied into mRNA. This process begins when RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region of the gene, facilitating the synthesis of a complementary RNA strand. Key steps include the binding of transcription factors and the eventual release of the pre-mRNA, which undergoes editing before translation.

Translation

Translation is the second stage of protein synthesis, occurring in the ribosome, where mRNA is decoded to build a polypeptide chain. This process involves the assembly of ribosomal subunits, the binding of tRNA molecules carrying amino acids, and the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids. Understanding the sequence of events in translation is essential for accurately numbering the steps of protein synthesis.