Two ions produced during catabolism of glutamine are:

a. Ammonium ions

b. Bicarbonate

c. Calcium

d. Chloride

e. Hydrogen ions

f. Magnesium

g. Phosphate

h. Potassium

i. Sodium

j. Water

In an individual with metabolic acidosis, a clue that the respiratory system is compensating is provided by:

a. High blood bicarbonate levels

b. Low blood bicarbonate levels

c. Rapid, deep breathing

d. Slow, shallow breathing

Describe the role of the respiratory system in controlling acid-base balance.

Explain the relationship of the following to renal secretion and excretion of hydrogen ions:

Plasma carbon dioxide levels

Phosphate

Sodium bicarbonate reabsorption

For each of the following sets of blood values, name the acid-base imbalance (acidosis or alkalosis), determine its cause (metabolic or respiratory), decide whether the condition is being compensated, and cite at least one possible cause of the imbalance. Problem 1: pH 7.63; Pco₂ 19 mm Hg; Hco₃⁻ 19.5 mEq/L Problem 2: pH 7.22; Pco₂ 30 mm Hg; Hco₃⁻ 12.0 mEq/L