Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 40m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 37m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 7m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood1h 22m
18. The Heart1h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance Coming soon
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity Coming soon

3. Energy & Cell Processes

DNA Repair

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

DNA Repair

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Problem 8d

Textbook Question

What aspect of DNA structure makes it possible for the proteins of nucleotide excision repair to recognize many different types of DNA damage? (a) the polarity of each DNA strand

Verified step by step guidance

Understand that DNA is a double helix structure composed of two strands running in opposite directions, known as antiparallel orientation.

Recognize that each DNA strand has a polarity, with a 5' end and a 3' end, which is crucial for various cellular processes.

Consider how the uniformity of the DNA double helix allows proteins to detect irregularities or distortions in the structure, which can indicate damage.

Acknowledge that nucleotide excision repair proteins can identify these distortions because they disrupt the regular helical structure of DNA.

Conclude that the consistent structure of the DNA helix, rather than the polarity of the strands, is what enables repair proteins to recognize a wide range of DNA damage.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

DNA Structure

DNA is composed of two strands that form a double helix, with each strand made up of nucleotides. The structure includes a sugar-phosphate backbone and nitrogenous bases (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) that pair specifically. This unique arrangement allows for the stability and integrity of genetic information, which is crucial for processes like DNA repair.

Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER)

Nucleotide excision repair is a cellular mechanism that identifies and removes damaged DNA segments. It involves several proteins that recognize distortions in the DNA helix caused by various types of damage, such as UV-induced lesions. The ability of these proteins to detect a wide range of DNA damage is linked to the structural features of DNA, including its polarity and the specific interactions between the damaged sites and repair proteins.

Polarity of DNA Strands

The polarity of DNA strands refers to the orientation of the sugar-phosphate backbone, which has a 5' to 3' directionality. This polarity is essential for the binding of repair proteins, as it influences how these proteins scan the DNA for damage. The distinct ends of the DNA strands allow repair mechanisms to recognize and process lesions effectively, facilitating the repair of various types of DNA damage.

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Textbook Question

What aspect of DNA structure makes it possible for the proteins of nucleotide excision repair to recognize many different types of DNA damage? (d) the regularity of DNA's structure

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Textbook Question

What aspect of DNA structure makes it possible for the proteins of nucleotide excision repair to recognize many different types of DNA damage? (c) the energy differences between correct and incorrect base pairs

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Textbook Question

What aspect of DNA structure makes it possible for the proteins of nucleotide excision repair to recognize many different types of DNA damage? (b) the antiparallel orientation of strands in the double helix

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Textbook Question

The spontaneous loss of amino groups from adenine in DNA results in hypoxanthine, an uncommon base, opposite thymine. What combination of proteins could repair such damage? a. nuclease, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase b. telomerase, primase, DNA polymerase c. telomerase, helicase, single-strand binding protein d. DNA ligase, replication fork proteins, adenylyl cyclase

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Textbook Question

The graph that follows shows the survival of four different E. coli strains after exposure to increasing doses of ultraviolet light. The wild-type strain is normal, but the other strains have a mutation in either a gene called uvrA, a gene called recA, or both. (b) What are the relative contributions of these genes to the repair of UV damage?

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Textbook Question

The graph that follows shows the survival of four different E. coli strains after exposure to increasing doses of ultraviolet light. The wild-type strain is normal, but the other strains have a mutation in either a gene called uvrA, a gene called recA, or both. (a) Which strains are most sensitive to UV light? Which strains are least sensitive?

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Multiple Choice

Researchers found a strain of E. coli bacteria that had mutation rates one hundred times higher than normal. Which of the following statements correctly describes the most likely cause of these mutations?

Which of the following statements is/are correct with regard to individuals with the disorder xeroderma pigmentosum?

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Multiple Choice

Which set of enzymes is involved in nucleotide excision repair?

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Multiple Choice