Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 40m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 37m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 7m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood1h 22m
18. The Heart1h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance Coming soon
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity Coming soon

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Introduction to DNA Replication

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Introduction to DNA Replication

Problem 6

Textbook Question

Analyze the following statements about DNA synthesis. Select True or False for each statement. T/F An RNA polymerase is essential for DNA synthesis. T/F Okazaki fragments would be unnecessary if DNA polymerase could synthesize DNA in both the 3'→5' and 5'→3' directions. T/F DNA ligase is used more frequently on the lagging strand than on the leading strand. T/F Toposiomerase is required to separate the two strands of DNA at the replication fork.

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the role of RNA polymerase in DNA synthesis. RNA polymerase is primarily involved in transcription, not DNA replication, so consider whether it is essential for DNA synthesis.

Understand the function of Okazaki fragments. These are short sequences synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication because DNA polymerase can only synthesize in the 5'→3' direction. Consider if they would be needed if synthesis could occur in both directions.

Examine the role of DNA ligase. It joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, so determine if it is used more frequently on the lagging strand compared to the leading strand.

Consider the function of topoisomerase. It alleviates the tension created by unwinding the DNA helix, but does it directly separate the strands at the replication fork?

Evaluate each statement based on the understanding of the roles of RNA polymerase, Okazaki fragments, DNA ligase, and topoisomerase in DNA replication.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

DNA Synthesis

DNA synthesis is the biological process by which a cell replicates its DNA, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical copy of the genetic material. This process involves several key enzymes, including DNA polymerase, which synthesizes new DNA strands by adding nucleotides complementary to the template strand. Understanding the directionality of synthesis (5' to 3') is crucial, as it influences how the leading and lagging strands are formed during replication.

Okazaki Fragments

Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand during DNA replication. Because DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously, resulting in these fragments. Each fragment is later joined together by DNA ligase, making the understanding of their formation essential for grasping the overall mechanism of DNA replication.

Role of Enzymes in DNA Replication

Various enzymes play critical roles in DNA replication, including RNA polymerase, DNA ligase, and topoisomerase. RNA polymerase is involved in synthesizing RNA primers necessary for DNA polymerase to initiate synthesis. DNA ligase connects Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, while topoisomerase alleviates the torsional strain generated ahead of the replication fork by unwinding the DNA helix. Each enzyme's function is vital for the accuracy and efficiency of DNA replication.