Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 40m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 37m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 7m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood1h 22m
18. The Heart1h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance Coming soon
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity Coming soon

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Fermentation & Anaerobic Respiration

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Problem 2

Textbook Question

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule? a. the citric acid cycle b. the electron transport chain c. glycolysis d. reduction of pyruvate to lactate

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the main metabolic pathways involved in the breakdown of glucose: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain.

Understand that glycolysis is the initial step in both fermentation and cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate.

Recognize that the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain are parts of cellular respiration, not fermentation.

Note that fermentation involves the reduction of pyruvate to lactate or ethanol, but this is not a shared step with cellular respiration.

Conclude that glycolysis is the only pathway common to both fermentation and cellular respiration.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH in the process. It occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is the first step in both fermentation and cellular respiration, making it a common pathway for energy extraction from glucose.

Fermentation

Fermentation is an anaerobic process that allows cells to generate energy without oxygen. It follows glycolysis when oxygen is scarce, converting pyruvate into various end products, such as lactate or ethanol, while regenerating NAD+ to sustain glycolysis and ATP production.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is an aerobic process that fully oxidizes glucose to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. It includes glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the electron transport chain, allowing for a more efficient energy yield compared to fermentation, which only partially oxidizes glucose.