Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Blood Plasma
Blood plasma is the liquid component of blood, comprising about 55% of its total volume. It contains water, electrolytes, proteins, hormones, and waste products. Plasma serves as a medium for transporting nutrients, gases, and waste throughout the body. Its composition is crucial for maintaining blood pressure and volume, as well as for immune responses.
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Glomerular Filtrate
Glomerular filtrate is the fluid that passes from the blood into the Bowman’s capsule of the nephron during the filtration process in the kidneys. It is primarily composed of water, ions, and small molecules, but lacks larger proteins and blood cells due to the selective permeability of the filtration membrane. The composition of glomerular filtrate is essential for the formation of urine and the regulation of body fluids.
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Glomerular Filtration Rate
Filtration Membrane Structure
The filtration membrane in the kidneys consists of three layers: the fenestrated endothelium, the basement membrane, and the podocytes. This structure allows for the selective filtration of blood, permitting water and small solutes to pass while blocking larger molecules like proteins and cells. The unique architecture of the filtration membrane is critical for maintaining the balance of substances in the blood and ensuring efficient kidney function.
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