Hey there. So in this video, we're going to be talking about the organization of our sensory pathways. Now, the somatosensory system is the specific part of the sensory system serving the body wall and the limbs. And when we're thinking about senses, there's an important distinction to make. There are two types of senses. So first, we have our special senses, and these are probably the ones that you're most familiar with. This is when we have receptors actually located inside complex sense organs. Complex sense organs are things like your ears, your nose, your tongue, or your eyes. This pertains to senses like vision, hearing, taste, smell, and equilibrium. And you can see that these are all concentrated around our head typically. And then we have our general senses. The majority of sensory receptors actually belong to our general senses, and these receptors are also called simple receptors. And this includes pretty much everything involving touch. So the sense of touch. So pain, temperature, vibration, pressure, and proprioception all fall under general senses. Some of these you are very consciously aware of—things like pain, temperature, pressure, for example—as well as things that you are less consciously aware of but are still very important, like proprioception. Your ability to know where your body is in space and how to move it appropriately through that space. Those are the general senses. Now, we're going to have an entire chapter on special senses for you. So we are not going to focus on those in this chapter. This chapter is going to be entirely about the general senses. Alright. So now that we got that distinction out of the way, the somatosensory system operates at three levels of neural integration. So first, we have the receptor level and this involves our sensory receptors. So if you look down here at this green part of our image, we have our receptors and you don't have to know any details about these. Our examples here for you are muscle spindles and these joint kinesthetic receptors. But all you have to know is that these receptors are in your skin, they're in your muscles, they're in your joints, wherever they are, and they are sensing information about your internal and external environment, and they are sending that information up to the circuit level. And the circuit level is the processing that we see happening in ascending pathways. In other words, this is where they're going up the afferent nerves. So we have ascending, afferent, and they are going to arrive up in the brain in the CNS. Right? And that is the perceptual level. So this is where we have processing in cortical areas. So now we are in the central nervous system. We're no longer in that peripheral nervous system. And at this perceptual level, the information will get passed through the thalamus, our sensory relay station, and it will get processed in that somatosensory cortex. And your brain will decide what information to make you consciously aware of, what information to kind of keep on the unconscious level, and it's going to react to whatever it is perceiving and change your behavior accordingly. So those are our three levels that we see in our somatosensory system, and I will see you in our next video to talk about that receptor level in a bit more detail. See you there.
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13. The Peripheral Nervous System
Organization of Sensory Pathways
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