In this video, we're going to be talking about the divisions of the autonomic nervous system. Our autonomic nervous system can be organized into two divisions. We have our sympathetic division or the sympathetic nervous system, and we have our parasympathetic division or the parasympathetic nervous system. These two divisions are working in some kind of balance usually, which is called autonomic tone, but they also respond to environmental cues or emotionally salient stimuli in your environment. When that happens, one system will become more dominant, and one will get suppressed temporarily. Our sympathetic division is going to become activated when we are engaged with a stimulus, when we are feeling threatened, or when we're feeling stressed. So, basically, if we're feeling some kind of strong emotional arousal, either positive or negative, this division will kind of kick in and become more dominant. This division is responsible for our fight or flight response, which I'm sure you've heard of, which is our body's attempt to mobilize energy resources to help us either encounter a threat or potentially run away from one. Here we have this kind of quintessential evolutionary example of a fight or flight response kicking in when, for instance, a lion is chasing you. But to be clear, anything that stresses you out is going to activate this division. So, for example, if you have a huge presentation coming up in your anatomy and physiology class and you're really stressed out about it, your fight or flight response is going to kick in. It's the exact same physiological process. Our sympathetic division will also help us maintain homeostasis when we are engaged in physical activity. So, for example, if you're playing a soccer game or a basketball game and you have to maintain a physiologically aroused state for a good hour or two, you need that increased heart rate, blood pumping to your muscles, your lungs taking in lots of oxygen, this system will help you maintain homeostasis during that. Now, on the flip side, we have our parasympathetic division, and this becomes activated when we are relaxed and calm and at rest. In contrast to fight or flight, this system is sometimes called our rest and digest system. As we will see in some upcoming videos, this system is very important for healthy digestion in particular, but it basically helps us maintain homeostasis when we are at rest. It lowers the heart rate, slows down the breathing, and helps your body focus on more homeostatic activities like digestion. These two systems by and large innervate the same organs; they innervate the same effectors. However, they usually have opposite effects. For example, if one division stimulates an effector, the other division usually inhibits it. We're going to be covering both of these systems in a lot more detail in upcoming videos. Alright. So I will see you there. Bye bye.
Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 40m
- What is Anatomy & Physiology?20m
- Levels of Organization13m
- Variation in Anatomy & Physiology12m
- Introduction to Organ Systems27m
- Homeostasis9m
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- 11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
- 12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
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- Introduction to the Peripheral Nervous System5m
- Organization of Sensory Pathways16m
- Introduction to Sensory Receptors5m
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- Adaptation of Sensory Receptors8m
- Introduction to Reflex Arcs13m
- Reflex Arcs15m
- 14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
- 15. The Special Senses2h 41m
- 16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
- 17. The Blood1h 22m
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- 25. The Urinary System2h 39m
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- 28. Human Development1h 21m
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14. The Autonomic Nervous System
Introduction to the Autonomic Nervous System
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