Table of contents

1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 40m
2. Cell Chemistry & Cell Components12h 37m
3. Energy & Cell Processes10h 7m
4. Tissues & Histology10h 3m
5. Integumentary System2h 20m
6. Bones & Skeletal Tissue2h 16m
7. The Skeletal System2h 35m
8. Joints2h 17m
9. Muscle Tissue2h 33m
10. Muscles1h 11m
11. Nervous Tissue and Nervous System1h 35m
12. The Central Nervous System1h 6m
- Introduction to the Central Nervous System
  18m
- The Cerebrum
  48m
13. The Peripheral Nervous System1h 26m
14. The Autonomic Nervous System1h 38m
15. The Special Senses2h 41m
16. The Endocrine System2h 48m
17. The Blood1h 22m
18. The Heart1h 42m
19. The Blood Vessels3h 35m
20. The Lymphatic System3h 16m
21. The Immune System14h 37m
22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
23. The Digestive System2h 5m
24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
25. The Urinary System2h 39m
26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance Coming soon
27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
28. Human Development1h 21m
29. Heredity Coming soon

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Introduction to Cell Division

Anatomy & Physiology

3. Energy & Cell Processes

Introduction to Cell Division

2:04 minutes

Problem 10

Textbook Question

It took three sheep to create the clone Dolly: A blackface sheep donated the egg, a whiteface sheep donated the mammary cells from which the nucleus was taken, and a blackface sheep served as surrogate. Assuming face color is genetically determined, what color face did Dolly have?

Verified step by step guidance

Identify the source of the genetic material: Understand that the nucleus, which contains the genetic material determining traits such as face color, was taken from a whiteface sheep.

Recognize the role of the egg donor: Note that the egg from the blackface sheep had its nucleus removed, so it did not contribute genetic information regarding face color.

Consider the role of the surrogate: Acknowledge that the surrogate blackface sheep provided the environment for the embryo to develop but did not contribute genetically to traits such as face color.

Combine the information: Since the nucleus containing the genetic material came from a whiteface sheep, and the egg's nucleus (which was removed) did not contribute any genetic information, the traits including face color would be determined by the nucleus donor.

Conclude the face color of Dolly: Based on the origin of the nucleus, Dolly would have the face color of the nucleus donor, which is whiteface.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Genetic Contribution

In cloning, the genetic contribution of the donor cells is crucial. Dolly the sheep was created using a nucleus from mammary cells of a whiteface sheep, which means her genetic makeup primarily reflects the characteristics of this donor. The egg donor's contribution is limited to mitochondrial DNA, which does not influence traits like face color.

Nuclear Transfer

Nuclear transfer is a technique used in cloning where the nucleus of a somatic cell is transferred into an enucleated egg cell. This process allows the genetic material from the somatic cell to dictate the traits of the resulting organism. In Dolly's case, the nucleus from the whiteface sheep's mammary cells determined her genetic traits, including her face color.

Phenotype vs. Genotype

Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics of an organism, while genotype refers to the genetic makeup. In this scenario, Dolly's phenotype, including her face color, is determined by her genotype, which is derived from the whiteface sheep's nucleus. Thus, despite the contributions from other sheep, Dolly's face color would reflect the genetic information from the whiteface sheep.