Textbook Question
What are the principal functional differences between the right and left cerebral hemispheres?
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Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology26
- Ch. 2 The Chemical Level of Organization34
- Ch. 3 The Cellular Level of Organization30
- Ch. 4 The Tissue Level of Organization24
- Ch. 5 The Integumentary System17
- Ch. 6 Bones and Bone Structure36
- Ch. 7 The Axial Skeleton11
- Ch. 8 The Appendicular Skeleton17
- Ch. 9 Joints13
- Ch. 10 Muscle Tissue12
- Ch. 11 The Muscular System28
- Ch. 12 Nervous Tissue18
- Ch. 13 The Spinal Cord, Spinal Nerves, and Spinal Reflexes22
- Ch. 14 The Brain and Cranial Nerves20
- Ch. 15 Sensory Pathways and the Somatic Nervous System17
- Ch. 16 The Autonomic Nervous System and Higher-Order Functions30
- Ch. 17 The Special Senses16
- Ch. 18 The Endocrine System20
- Ch. 19 Blood31
- Ch. 20 The Heart31
- Ch. 21 Blood Vessels and Circulation29
- Ch. 22 The Lymphatic System and Immunity31
- Ch. 23 The Respiratory System12
- Ch. 24 The Digestive System18
- Ch. 26 The Urinary System31
- Ch. 27 Fluids & Electrolytes32
- Ch. 28 The Reproductive System12
- Ch. 29 Development and Inheritance23
Martini, Nath, Bartholomew11th EditionFundamentals of Anatomy & PhysiologyISBN: 9780136874089Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 14, Problem 26
A cerebrovascular accident occurs when
(a) The reticular activating system fails to function
(b) The prefrontal lobe is damaged
(c) The blood supply to a portion of the brain is cut off
(d) A descending tract in the spinal cord is severed
(e) Brainstem nuclei hypersecrete dopamine
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the term 'cerebrovascular accident' (CVA), which is commonly known as a stroke. It involves an interruption of blood flow to a part of the brain.
Step 2: Review each option to see which one describes a condition related to blood flow or vascular issues in the brain.
Step 3: Option (a) mentions the reticular activating system failing, which affects consciousness but is not specifically about blood supply.
Step 4: Option (b) involves damage to the prefrontal lobe, which affects cognitive functions but does not directly describe a vascular event.
Step 5: Option (c) states that the blood supply to a portion of the brain is cut off, which matches the definition of a cerebrovascular accident.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Cerebrovascular Accident (Stroke)
A cerebrovascular accident, commonly known as a stroke, occurs when the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted or reduced, depriving brain tissue of oxygen and nutrients. This can result from a blockage (ischemic stroke) or bleeding (hemorrhagic stroke), leading to brain cell damage or death.
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Blood Supply to the Brain
The brain relies on a continuous supply of oxygenated blood delivered through arteries like the carotid and vertebral arteries. Any disruption in this blood flow, such as a clot or hemorrhage, can cause brain dysfunction or damage, highlighting the importance of vascular health in neurological function.
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Neurological Functions of Brain Regions
Different brain areas have specific roles: the reticular activating system regulates consciousness, the prefrontal lobe manages decision-making, and brainstem nuclei control vital functions. Damage to these areas causes distinct symptoms, but a stroke specifically involves impaired blood flow rather than direct damage to these structures alone.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Colleen falls down a flight of stairs and bumps her head several times. Soon after, she develops a headache and blurred vision. Diagnostic tests at the hospital reveal an epidural hematoma in the temporoparietal area. The hematoma is pressing against the brainstem. What other signs and symptoms might she experience as a result of the injury?
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Textbook Question
What kinds of problems are associated with the presence of lesions in the Wernicke's area and the Broca's area?
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Textbook Question
A police officer has just stopped Bill on suspicion of driving while intoxicated. The officer asks Bill to walk the yellow line on the road and then to place the tip of his index finger on the tip of his nose. How would these activities indicate Bill's level of sobriety? Which part of the brain is being tested by these activities?
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Textbook Question
Damage to the vestibular nucleus would lead to
(a) Loss of sight
(b) Loss of hearing
(c) Inability to sense pain
(d) Difficulty in maintaining balance
(e) Inability to swallow
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Textbook Question
Which structure in the brain is your A&P instructor referring to when talking about a nucleus that resembles a sea horse and that is important in the storage and retrieval of long-term memories? In which functional system of the brain is it located?
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