As we talk about the stomach, we need to introduce the major regions and structures of the stomach. In other words, we're now going to go over the gross anatomy of the stomach. Alright. So here we have an image of the stomach. You can see the esophagus entering over there, and here you can see the duodenum, or that first region of the small intestine that chyme will enter as it leaves the stomach. So let's just jump right in and start naming regions here. The first one we want to identify is called the cardia. We've highlighted the cardia here in green, and we're going to say that this is the upper portion near the junction with the esophagus. To leave the esophagus, the bolus is going to pass through the cardiac sphincter. So it passes through the cardiac sphincter into the cardia. And cardiac, remember, that refers to the heart. These are right up at the top of the stomach, right next to the heart. Alright. So, we move from the cardia, and then the next region we want to talk about is this part where it sort of bulges upwards. The stomach actually goes up a little bit from where it joins with the esophagus, and that part is called the fundus, and we've highlighted it in purple here on our image. So the fundus, I think of as the roof of the stomach. It's that region where it bulges upwards a little bit even above where the esophagus joins. Well, our next one, this is really the majority of the stomach we're going to call the body. Here we can see the body, most of the stomach here. We're going to say it's that main J-shaped region. It has this sort of curve to it, kind of like a J. Sometimes the body is called the corpus. If you need to remember corpus, remind yourself that a dead body is a corpse. So that corpus or body, that's the main section of the stomach. Alright. As we come down, we have one more region that we need to talk about. This final region, we're actually going to break up into some smaller regions, but let's look at the whole thing first. We call this the pyloric part. Now, that second word part, that's actually part of the name. It is called the pyloric part, and that name comes from well, pyloric comes from the Greek for gatekeeper. This final region of the stomach is the gatekeeper. It decides what kind goes in gets to leave the stomach, go gets to go through that final sphincter and enter into the small intestine. But we can break this pyloric part up into 3 different sections. The first one we are going to call the pyloric antrum. And you can see we've highlighted that here in pink. The antrum is just that first part connected to the body. And although it's not what it means, that word, antrum, reminds me of the word entry. So the pyloric antrum, I think of as the entry to the pyloric part. It's just the first part you come to. From the pyloric antrum, then we have the pyloric canal. As this pyloric part gets narrower heading towards the small intestine, you reach the pyloric canal, and we're just going to say that this is the final section before the sphincter. Well, the sphincter, that's our last region of this pyloric part. The pyloric sphincter, this is the valve that separates the stomach from the duodenum. There is a valve at the end. A sphincter is just a muscle that squeezes down like this. So when it's squeezed down, chyme can't leave the stomach. When it loosens up a bit, that chyme can pass through that pyloric sphincter and enter into the first section of the small intestine, the duodenum. I realize remembering these can be a little difficult. It may just seem like a bunch of random words. The way I remember it - I got a little memory tool for you here. I say, hey, my car is fun, but the body is a pile of junk. So my car, the cardia, is fun, the fundus, but the body, the body or corpus is a pile, the pyloric part, of junk. Alright. So those a
Table of contents
- 1. Introduction to Anatomy & Physiology5h 40m
- What is Anatomy & Physiology?20m
- Levels of Organization13m
- Variation in Anatomy & Physiology12m
- Introduction to Organ Systems27m
- Homeostasis9m
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- Introduction to Tissues & Histology16m
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- 22. The Respiratory System3h 20m
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- 24. Metabolism and Nutrition4h 0m
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- Review of Aerobic Cellular Respiration18m
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- Gluconeogenesis16m
- Fatty Acid Oxidation20m
- Amino Acid Oxidation17m
- 25. The Urinary System2h 39m
- 26. Fluid and Electrolyte Balance, Acid Base Balance Coming soon
- 27. The Reproductive System2h 5m
- 28. Human Development1h 21m
- 29. Heredity Coming soon
23. The Digestive System
The Stomach
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