Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because a. they are able to maintain a lower internal temperature. b. high temperatures make catalysis unnecessary. c. their enzymes have high optimal temperatures. d. their enzymes are completely insensitive to temperature.

Verified step by step guidance

1. Identify the key concept: The problem is about bacteria that are metabolically active in hot springs, which implies they can function at high temperatures.
2. Understand enzyme function: Enzymes are proteins that catalyze biochemical reactions, and their activity is influenced by temperature.
3. Consider enzyme optimal temperature: Enzymes have an optimal temperature range where they function most efficiently. For thermophilic bacteria, this range is higher than for most organisms.
4. Evaluate the options: Analyze each option to determine which one aligns with the concept of enzymes having high optimal temperatures.
5. Select the best option: Choose the option that correctly explains why these bacteria can thrive in hot springs, focusing on enzyme activity at high temperatures.

Key Concepts

Enzyme Activity and Temperature

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in organisms. Each enzyme has an optimal temperature range where it functions most efficiently. In extreme environments, such as hot springs, certain bacteria produce enzymes that remain active and stable at high temperatures, allowing them to thrive where other organisms cannot.

Thermal Stability of Enzymes

Thermal stability refers to the ability of an enzyme to maintain its structure and function at elevated temperatures. Some extremophiles, like thermophilic bacteria, possess enzymes that are structurally adapted to resist denaturation at high temperatures, which is crucial for their survival in hot environments.

Metabolic Activity in Extremophiles

Extremophiles are organisms that thrive in extreme conditions, such as high temperatures. Their metabolic processes are adapted to utilize available resources efficiently in these environments. Understanding how these bacteria metabolize and grow in hot springs provides insights into biochemical adaptations and potential biotechnological applications.