In this example, we see an illustration of a cell, and it has different receptors on it. We have purple receptors that are labeled y, and we have green receptors labeled x. The purple receptors, you can see, are on the outside of the cell, on the cell membrane, while the green receptors are in the cell cytoplasm. This example tells us that drawn below is a cell that responds to hormone x and hormone y. The receptors for hormone x are green, while those for hormone y are purple, and we can also see they're labeled with an x and a y.
So, based on this image, we want to conclude the following about the chemical structures of hormone x and y: Let's start with x. The receptors for hormone x are inside the cytoplasm. Which types of hormones have their receptors more often inside the cell cytoplasm? Typically, these are steroid hormones. Therefore, I think hormone x is going to be a steroid. Meanwhile, hormone y, having receptors on the cell surface, suggests that it is more likely to be amino acid-based. There are exceptions to these general rules, but this is the typical categorization.
Next, we discuss which hormone is more likely to be affected by a molecule that inhibits adenylate cyclase. Remember that adenylate cyclase is part of the signaling cascade that involves G protein-coupled receptors, which are found on the cell surface and generally respond to amino acid-based hormones. Therefore, I think the answer here is going to be hormone y.
Lastly, we consider which hormone would be expected to directly interact with the DNA of the cell via a receptor hormone complex. Steroid hormones are known to enter the cell, bind to their receptors forming this complex, and then move into the nucleus—or sometimes the receptors are already in the nucleus—they bind to the DNA and become active in gene regulation. Therefore, hormone x, being a steroid hormone, is expected to directly interact with the DNA of the cell via a receptor hormone complex.
With this information, you have answered our questions about the interactions of hormones x and y with their receptors and cellular mechanisms.